Core web vitals are a set of three metrics Google uses to assess the user experience a webpage provides based on real-world user data. Core Web Vitals measure a website’s page loading performance, ease of interaction, and visual stability of a page from a user’s perspective. Core Web Vitals are a recognised ranking factor, so improving them can boost your search engine ranking.
See also: Page speed, Caching, Image optimisation
Further reading: How to Test and Improve Website Load Time